Optical communications between moving transceivers using double phase-conjugation beam tracking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High bit-rate laser communications have been increasingly studied for applications ranging from short-distance transmissions to inter-spacecraft links. Optical communications involving moving parties require precise beam pointing and mutual tracking of communicating transceivers. Current approaches based on electro-mechanical beam steering are limited by the need for large volumes of beam-addressing computing and difficulties in providing automatic tracking/pointing capabilities to compensate for rapid changes in directivity patterns, transmitters’ relative misplacement and jitter [1]. An all-optical adaptive beam-tracking approach, proposed by some of the authors earlier, is based on the double phase conjugation effect (DPC) [2]. No mechanical steering, positioning or addressing computing are needed for fine tracking in such a bi-directional optical link. The approach efficiency strongly depends on non-linear properties of the used optical materials, which have been thoroughly studied [3]. This paper presents the results of theoretical analysis and further experimental studies of the DPC all-optical tracking technology. In the experiment, two optical terminals were linked with a modulated laser signal at a telecommunication wavelength. A DPC-mirror was a multi-layer liquid-crystal stack with a giant optical nonlinearity. The tracking and communication capabilities were simultaneously demonstrated in a range of angles, transmission rates and laser power levels. The experiment was in good agreement with the theoretical model. REFERENCES 1. E Lerner, Laser Focus World 36 11 2000 2. A Dudelzak, A Kuzhelev, A Novikov, G Pasmanik, Patent Application 12346-US-Prov 2002 3. A Kuzhelev, A Dudelzak, J Opt A: Pure and App Opt 5 L5 2003
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".