Spat Collection of a Non-Native Bivalve Species (European Oyster, Ostrea edulis) off the Eastern Canadian Coast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A European oyster population (Ostrea edulis) was recently discovered off the Eastern coast of Canada. The occurrence of this population led various aquaculture stakeholders to consider this species commercially. The aim of this study is to determine the best time to collect the European oyster larvae to maximize their collection. Gonad observations and plankton tows were carried out in 2005 and 2006 to estimate the time of settlement. Nine days after the first free-swimming larvae were observed, Chinese hat collectors were suspended in the water column every three days at two sites. The collectors were removed from the water after a mean streaming duration of 35 days. Spat were thereafter numbered on each collector. The spawning period lasted from mid-July to the end of August in 2005 and from mid-July to the beginning of August in 2006. Temperature was approximately 18°C during that time. The major peaks of free-swimming larvae were observed at the beginning of August (43,276 larvae m−3) in 2005 and at the end of July (224,322 larvae m−3) in 2006. Spat numbers were higher in 2005 (22,791 spat collector−1) than in 2006 (124 spat collector−1). The lower spat collection in 2006 might be related to nonfavorable environmental conditions observed during that summer. Salinity, in 2006, varied from 18‰ to 30‰ compared with 25‰ to 30‰ in 2005. Spawning in Eastern Canada is apparently occurring at a higher temperature (18°C) compare with other populations around the world (13°C to 16°C). This difference may be related to several factors such as the geographical location and food availability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".