Volunteer wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) competition in corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m-2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m-2, respectively. Furthermore, volunteer wheat competition reduced total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, plant and ear height and yield by 5% with densities of 5.1 to 6.0 plants m-2 compared with the weed-free control. The level of competitiveness was dependent on the density of volunteer wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".