Temperature-Dependent Development of the Specialist Predator <I>Laricobius nigrinus</I> (Coleoptera: Derodontidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the duration of egg, larval, prepupal, and pupal development of the predator Laricobius nigrinus Fender was studied at six constant temperatures (6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21°C) where Adelges tsugae Annand was used as prey. Developmental time was inversely proportional to temperature between 6 and 18°C. Laricobius nigrinus did not complete development at 21°C. Significant positive linear relationships were observed between developmental rate and temperature for all life stages. Minimum developmental threshold temperatures were estimated at 5.4°C for eggs, 3.2°C for larvae, 2.9°C for prepupae, and 3.1°C for pupae. Median development times for eggs, larvae, prepupae, and pupae were 59.5, 208.3, 217.4, and 212.8 degree-days (DD) above minimum developmental temperatures, respectively. Development from oviposition to adult eclosion required a minimum temperature of 3.7°C and 666.7 DD. A degree-day model, developed in the laboratory for predicting egg hatch, predicted a degree-day value that was within 4 d of the median egg hatch observed at two field sites in 2000. This regression model is a useful predictor of egg hatch in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. In addition, the lower development threshold from egg to adult for L. nigrinus (3.7°C) is similar to that for the A. tsugae progrediens (spring) generation from second instar to adult (3.9°C), indicating that L. nigrinus and A. tsugae are adapted to similar climatic regimes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".