Opioid-induced regulation of µ-opioid receptor gene expression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of opioid receptor types in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells and to characterize the changes in MOR expression induced by opioid agonist and antagonist treatment. We have shown that all three types of opioid receptors, but predominantly MOR, are expressed in MCF-7 cells. Selective MOR agonists, morphine, endomorphin-1, and endomorphin-2 downregulated MOR mRNA levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, but the effect produced by endomorphins was much stronger. Downregulation was blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone. Naloxone alone produced a slight increase in MOR gene expression. Immunoblotting with antiserum against MOR-1 confirmed these results at the protein level. The results of our study indicate that, in MCF-7 cells, MOR gene expression is downregulated by opioid agonists and upregulated by opioid antagonists. We propose that the opioid-induced regulation of MOR mRNA expression is mediated by reduced binding of the transcription factors NFkappaB and AP-1 to the promoter region on the MOR gene.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".