Strategies for the Immobilization of Bacteriophages on Gold Surfaces Monitored by Surface Plasmon Resonance and Surface Morphology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of bacteriophages as recognition elements for biosensing techniques has recently provoked much interest. Surface plasmon resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were used for the real-time monitoring of the attachment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteriophages to gold using several immobilization methods. The MRSA bacterial capture efficiency of phage-functionalized surfaces was studied. We found that whereas the physisorption of phages to gold surfaces affects their biofunctionality, as expressed by their lysing efficiency of bacteria, phages bound via mixed self-assembled monolayers of l -cysteine and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid permitted both the recognition and disruption of bacterial membranes. This is due to the formation of uniform islands on the gold surfaces, permitting an oriented positioning of the phages, thus better exposing their recognition proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".