Differences in blood pressure and vascular responses associated with ambient fine particulate matter exposures measured at the personal versus community level
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Higher ambient fine particulate matter (PM₂.₅) levels can be associated with increased blood pressure and vascular dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To determine the differential effects on blood pressure and vascular function of daily changes in community ambient- versus personal-level PM₂.₅ measurements. METHODS: Cardiovascular outcomes included vascular tone and function and blood pressure measured in 65 non-smoking subjects. PM₂.₅ exposure metrics included 24 h integrated personal- (by vest monitors) and community-based ambient levels measured for up to 5 consecutive days (357 observations). Associations between community- and personal-level PM₂.₅ exposures with alterations in cardiovascular outcomes were assessed by linear mixed models. RESULTS: Mean daily personal and community measures of PM₂.₅ were 21.9±24.8 and 15.4±7.5 μg/m³, respectively. Community PM₂.₅ levels were not associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, a 10 μg/m³ increase in total personal-level PM₂.₅ exposure (TPE) was associated with systolic blood pressure elevation (+1.41 mm Hg; lag day 1, p<0.001) and trends towards vasoconstriction in subsets of individuals (0.08 mm; lag day 2 among subjects with low secondhand smoke exposure, p=0.07). TPE and secondhand smoke were associated with elevated systolic blood pressure on lag day 1. Flow-mediated dilatation was not associated with any exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to higher personal-level PM₂.₅ during routine daily activity measured with low-bias and minimally-confounded personal monitors was associated with modest increases in systolic blood pressure and trends towards arterial vasoconstriction. Comparable elevations in community PM₂.₅ levels were not related to these outcomes, suggesting that specific components within personal and background ambient PM₂.₅ may elicit differing cardiovascular responses.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it