Antivascular effects of pulsed low intensity ultrasound and microbubbles in mouse tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study we investigate the feasibility of inducing transient and sustained blood flow changes in murine tumors with pulsed low intensity ultrasound. Subcutaneous xenograft melanoma tumors were situated in the hind limbs of mice and exposed to 1 MHz (740 kPa) pulsed ultrasound following a bolus injection of Definitytrade microbubbles. Flow within the tumors was monitored using a 9 MHz array probe in contrast imaging mode following the bolus injection of agent during treatment, and at 2 and 24 hours post treatment. The contrast enhancement was quantified in ROIs encompassing either the periphery or center of the tumors. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing transient reductions of flow in tumors lasting for less than 15 minutes and, with repeated exposures, the ability to induce sustained reductions in contrast enhancement in lasting for at least 24 hours. Both short and long term flow modifications have implications for the guidance and enhancement of microbubble potentiated local drug enhancement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".