Morphogenesis during sexual and asexual reproduction in <i>Amphipolydora vestalis</i> (Polychaeta: Spionidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in Amphipolydora vestalis , a small, sponge‐dwelling spionid polychaete. Sexual reproduction occurs through adelphophagy, where offspring are provided with extra‐embryonic yolk in the form of nurse eggs. Ingestion of nurse eggs sustains development until offspring hatch at late larval and early juvenile stages (22 days). Hatched young have an advanced morphology and alternatively crawl and swim, suggesting that a dispersive phase is brief or absent. Asexual reproduction occurs through architomy, in which a parent fragments into 4–6 pieces and each regenerates a complete body plan within 8 days. Asexual propagules remain within the parental tube until growth and differentiation are almost complete. Both reproductive modes were found at the same time in the same population, and asexual fragments often had well developed gametes in the coelom. Both reproductive modes facilitate local recruitment and a reduced dispersal potential. This is the first description of development within the genus Amphipolydora . Aspects of morphogenesis during asexual reproduction suggest that Amphipolydora is closely related to Polydorella , and that architomy in the Spionidae evolved from a widespread ability to regenerate, while paratomy is secondarily derived.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".