Adsorption and catalytic ozonation performance of activated carbon and cobalt‐supported activated carbon derived from brewing yeast
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from brewing yeast by Na CO activation, and cobalt was supported on activated carbon (Co/AC) by the adsorption–activation method. The XPS test indicated that supported cobalt was Co(II). The total BET surface areas of prepared AC and Co/AC were 957.7 and 847.9 m /g, with total pore volumes of 0.81 and 0.80 cm /g, respectively. The average pore diameters of AC and Co/AC were found to be 3.8 and 3.3 nm. The contact time required for equilibrium of methylene blue (MB) adsorption onto prepared AC and Co/AC was about 120 min. The maximum uptake of MB by AC and Co/AC was estimated to be 372.1 and 213.5 mg/g, respectively. The presence of prepared AC or Co/AC was advantageous for TOC reduction compared with UV/O system, and the greatest TOC removal was obtained in the presence of Co/AC. The kinetics of the degradation of MB fitted the Langmuir‐first‐order model well. The rate constants of Langmuir first‐order were determined to be 0.0096 min−1 for UV/O /AC and 0.0143 min−1 for UV/O /Co/AC, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".