Protective Role of Alginic Acid and Fucoidan from Nitric Oxide-Induced Oxidative Stress
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The protective activities of alginic acid and fucoidan from oxidative stress (OS) were investigated under cellular system using LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells that are widely used for study cellular OS. The cellular OS in LLC-PK1 cells was induced by the free radical generators. The treatment of pyrogallol, sodium nitroprusside or 3-morpholinosydnonimine led to the production of superoxide anion (O2-), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), respectively. The free radical generators decreased cell viability and elevated lipid peroxidation compared OSwith non-treated cells. However, the treatment of alginic acid and fucoidan attenuated OS significantly induced by NO, O2-and ONOO-, resulting in the significant increase of cell viability and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in concentration-dependent manner. In particular, fucoidan showed the stronger protective effect from oxidative stress than alginic acid. These results indicated that alginic acid and fucoidan played the protective role from NO-induced OS. The present study suggests the promising antioxidative agents of alginc acid and fucoidan with protective activity from free radical-induced OS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it