Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus RNA in Fish Cell Cultures and in Tissue Sections of Atlantic Salmon Experimentally Infected with Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Current understanding of the etiopathogenesis of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) virus (ISAV) infection in fish comes mostly from virus detection in homogenized tissues taken from ISA-suspected mortalities. This study combined in situ hybridization (ISH) and histology to demonstrate viral RNA transcripts in different fish cell lines infected with ISAV and in tissues collected during the clinical phase of ISAV infection in Atlantic salmon. For this, a riboprobe to mRNA transcripts of ISAV RNA segment 8 was shown to detect viral mRNA in ISAV-infected TO, CHSE-214, and SHK-1 cell cultures. Specific hybridization was initially detected exclusively in the nuclei of infected cells, which is consistent with the nuclear transcription of orthomyxoviruses. For use of the riboprobe on fish tissues fixed in paraformaldehyde or formalin, the conditions used to permeabilize tissues before ISH (Proteinase K or Tween 20) were first optimized. Tissues were collected 15-20 days after challenge from 7 fresh mortalities of Atlantic salmon parr (approximately 20 g) showing severe gross and microscopic lesions, consistent with ISAV infection. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on tissue pools confirmed the presence of ISAV in each of the 7 fish. Of the tissues examined in each fish, the heart and liver consistently showed the strongest hybridization signal and, therefore, the most in situ virus, which was located in the endothelium of small blood vessels and in macrophage-like cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".