Removal of strontium and barium from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto expanded perlite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The adsorption of strontium and barium from aqueous solution onto expanded perlite (EP) has been investigated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. Sorption experiments indicated that the sorption capacity was dependent on operating variables and the process was strongly pH‐dependent. Equilibrium isotherm data were analysed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The adsorption was well described by Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1.14 and 2.486 mg/g for Sr (II) and Ba (II) from the Langmuir isotherm model at 20°C, respectively. Two simplified kinetic models viz. pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order models were tested to describe the adsorption process. The kinetic data indicated that adsorption fitted well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Using the equilibrium constant value obtained at four (20, 30, 40, and 50°C) different temperatures, the thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption (Δ G °, Δ H °, and Δ S °) were also determined. The results showed that the adsorption of Sr (II) and Ba (II) ions on EP was exothermic and spontaneous.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".