Re: Stereopsis in Drug Naïve Parkinson's Disease Patients. Can J Neurol Sci. 2011; 38:299-302
Bibliographic record
Abstract
breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that is important in memory function.On the 18th hospital day, follow-up MMSE and CDR score showed 9 and 2 (sum of box: 11), respectively.Ultimately, the patient discharged on 20th hospital day without improvement of cognition.On 15th day after discharge, the dose of donepezil hydrochloride was increased 10mg/day.About three months later, the patient's cognitive impairment gradually recovered, and the MMSE and CDR score reached 26 and 0.5 (sum of box: 3.5), respectively.But neurological examination showed the persistence of moderate impairment of gait function. DISCUSSIONThe initial acute CO intoxication was followed by a persistent vegetative state 3 .However, in the majority, there was a period of more or less full recovery, followed by an abrupt relapse.During the initial recovery, intellectual and neurological function often was normal, and there was no hint that potentially fatal sequelae were subsequently to occur 3 .After recovery period of usually two to three weeks, the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of delayed encephalopathy may occur, but the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear 2 .Since cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and hippocampus are very sensitive to hypoxia, the cerebral hypoxia caused by CO intoxication can only account for lesion sites by CO intoxication 2 .However, Gilmer et al reported in their animal study that hyperbaric oxygen treatment is not effective in preventing neurological sequelae and no benefit of hyperbaric oxygen over normobaric oxygen following severe CO neurotoxicity 4 .Nevertheless, Wang et al reported effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for cognitive impairment in delayed encephalopathy, which was unique report about successful management for cognitive symptoms in delayed encephalopathy, to our knowledge 2 .We also experienced that administration of donepezil hydrochloride appeared to be effective in our patient.However, benefit of donepezil hydrochloride for cognitive impairment could be not explained because pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy was unclear.Recent studies have suggested that donepezil has neuroprotective effects through up-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase /Akt pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3, and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain, although the protective mechanisms of donepezil have not yet been clearly identified 5 .Therefore, further studies are necessary to clarify pathogenesis and management of cognitive impairment due to delayed encephalopathy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".