Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesias
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a major source of disability in Parkinson disease (PD) and functional imaging studies suggest that it may be related to overactivity of the motor cortex.1 Low- frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at about 1 Hz decreases excitability of the stimulated area.2 A single 15-minute session of 1 Hz rTMS to the supplementary motor area reduced LID for up to 15 minutes.3 We hypothesize that longer sessions4 such as a 2-week course of 1 Hz rTMS to primary motor cortex will produce longer lasting reduction of LID. We studied six patients with PD (table E-1 on the Neurology Web site at www.neurology.org). Inclusion criteria were 1) stable medication dose for 4 weeks, and 2) LID >25% of waking hours (item 32 of Unified PD Rating Scale [UPDRS] ≥ 2) and bothersome (item 33 ≥ 2). Exclusion criteria were previous PD surgery and contraindications to rTMS. Patients took regular medications during the study except on days of levodopa challenge test. Informed consent and Ethics Board approval were obtained. Patients received 10 days of …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".