Comparison of Using Mono-Polar and Bipolar Electroencephalogram (EEG) Electrodes for Detection of Right and Left Hand Movements in a Self-Paced Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Unlike synchronous brain computer interfaces (BCI), self-paced (asynchronous) ones have the advantage of being operational at all times and not only at specific system-defined periods. A 3-state self-paced BCI is capable of detecting two different brain states (e.g. two movements) from the ongoing EEG. However, a 2-state one can only detect one brain state from the ongoing EEG. This study evaluates the performance of a 3-state self-paced BCI in detecting right and left hand movements. At first, we compare the performance of the system in differentiating between right and left hand movements using two different inputs: (1) mono-polar, and (2) bipolar electrode setting. Using bipolar electrode setting which yielded better performance than a mono-polar one, we evaluate the overall performance of the 3-state BCI system in a self-paced testing paradigm. Using data collected from two able-bodied individuals, it is shown that the average performance (true positive rate) of the system in detecting the presence of movements is 54.7% at a fixed false positive rate of 1%, and the average performance of the system in differentiating between right and left hand movements is 70.25%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".