Rates and components of carbon turnover in fish muscle: insights from bioenergetics models and a whole-lake <sup>13</sup>C addition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stable isotopes are widely employed to describe energy flow in aquatic communities, though interpretation of results can be confounded by the fact that organisms integrate over vastly different time scales. We used results from a 56-day whole-lake 13 C addition and a bioenergetic modeling approach to estimate dorsal muscle carbon turnover rates in a natural setting for three sizes of bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ), largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), and yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ). Generally, dynamic δ 13 C models with a metabolic tissue replacement term were better supported than models predicting isotopic change from growth alone, except when relative growth rates were highest (age 0 bluegill). Across species and size classes, the percentage of carbon change due to tissue replacement was variable (2%–80%) and independent of fish size. The half-life of δ 13 C in age 0 fishes was similar and ranged from 8 to 18 days. In contrast, adult tissue half-lives were much longer (116–173 days). Based on these and previously published estimates, fish mass (g) was a strong predictor of fish carbon turnover rates, λ: log(λ) = –3.65 – 0.20 log(mass), r 2 = 0.71.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".