CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR RESPLENDENT QUETZALS BASED ON ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) is a threatened bird species classified into two putative subspecies (P. m. mocinno and P. m. costaricensis) and distributed in cloud forests of seven countries in Mesoamerica. Because the birds are rare, tissue samples are difficult to obtain, but we analyzed genetic diversity in 25 quetzals from five countries based on 255 bp of domain I of the control region of mitochondrial DNA. Eight haplotypes were detected. Nucleotide diversity for Mexico (P. m. mocinno: 0.0021) and Panama (P. m. costaricensis: 0.0026) were low, and did not differ from the values estimated for other birds species irrespective of whether they were endangered. A haplotype tree rooted with the Pavonine Quetzal (P. pavoninus) recovered two reciprocally monophyletic clades corresponding to each subspecies, so we propose that each subspecies be considered as an evolutionarily significant unit for conservation planning. A minimum spanning network showed the number of genetic differences separating haplotypes within subspecies was small relative to the number of substitutions among them, indicating strong population subdivision (FST = 0.37). In spite of the limited sampling we propose that in conservation practice Mexico–Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Panama be considered preliminarily as independent conservation management units since they each have unique haplotypes. Additionally, these countries should construct international agreements to protect the natural vegetation corridors among cloud forests of Mesoamerica and to curtail the illegal trade of quetzals. Prioridades de Conservación para el Quetzal Basadas en el Análisis de la Región Control del ADN Mitocondrial Resumen. El quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno) es una especie de ave amenazada clasificada en dos subespecies (P. m. mocinno y P. m. costaricensis) distribuidas en los bosques de niebla de siete países de Mesoamérica. Debido a que ésta es un ave rara, las muestras de tejido son difíciles de obtener, pero pudimos analizar la diversidad genética en 255 pb del dominio I de la región control del ADN mitocondrial en 25 quetzales procedentes de cinco países. Se encontraron ocho haplotipos. La diversidad nucleotídica para México (P. m. mocinno: 0.0021) y Panamá (P. m. costaricensis: 0.0026) fue baja, pero no difiere de la estimada para otras especies de aves amenazadas o no amenazadas. El árbol de haplotipos enraizado con P. pavoninus mostró dos clados recíprocamente monofiléticos, correspondiendo cada uno a cada subespecie, por lo que proponemos que para planes de conservación cada subespecie sea considerada como unidad evolutiva significativa independiente. Una red de distancias mínimas mostró que el número de diferencias genéticas que separa a los haplotipos dentro de las subespecies fue pequeño con respecto al número de sustituciones que existe entre ellas, indicando una fuerte división poblacional (FST = 0.37). Considerando nuestro muestreo limitado proponemos que para fines de conservación prácticos México– Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador y Panamá sean considerados preliminarmente como unidades de manejo independientes ya que éstos presentan haplotipos únicos no compartidos entre localidades. Además, estos países deberían firmar acuerdos internacionales para proteger los corredores de vegetación naturales entre los bosques de niebla de Mesoamérica y tratar de reducir el comercio ilegal de los quetzales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".