Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Major blood loss usually occurs in both hip and knee arthroplasty, frequently leading to the need for blood transfusion. This study was performed to determine blood transfusion rates and analyze the factors which affected the need for blood transfusion in patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee and hip arthroplasties at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica. METHODS: A prospective study of 118 patients who underwent unilateral total knee and total hip arthroplasties between January 2004 and July 2009 was undertaken. Data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2008, SPSS version 12 and Stata version 7.0. RESULTS: Of the 118 patients, 90 (70%) were females. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 65.2 ± 11.5 years (range 32 - 85 years). Osteoarthritis accounted for the majority (88%) of arthroplasties. Mean ± SD estimated blood loss for all arthroplasties was 1195.0 ± 855.6 ml (range 100 - 6000 ml). Mean ± SD duration of surgery for all joint arthroplasties was 226.1 ± 63.5 minutes (range 110 - 392 minutes). Mean ± SD preoperative hemoglobin was 12.09 g/dl (range 7.3 - 15.6 g/dl). Average body mass index was 28.9 kg/m(2) (range 17.9 - 68.3 kg/m(2)). Seventy-five (64%) patients were transfused and of these, 44 patients received allogenic blood only; 20 patients received autologous blood only, and eleven patients received both allogenic and autologous blood. The overall blood transfusion rate was 63%. CONCLUSION: In our study, the multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship (p = 0.000) only between postoperative transfusion and the estimated blood loss. KEYWORDS: Blood transfusion practices; Total joint arthroplasties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".