Osteoporosis in Iran, Overview and Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. It is characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deteriora¬tion of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. Osteoporosis is an as¬ymptomatic disease and is an important public health issue because of its clinical expression in age-related fractures. In Iran it is estimated that the prevalence of osteoporosis among women who older than 50 years old is 6 percent which is less than other countries such as Canada and Japan. The estimated lifetime risk of hip fracture for white women at age 50 years is about 16 percent (versus five percent for men). The incidence of fall related hip fracture in Iran in 2003 in male and fe¬male was respectively 20.6 and 17.5 per 100,000 person-year which is increased significantly in old people. Nowadays, sev¬eral treatments are available and more are being developed. Currently available drugs are anti-resorptive which focus on decreas¬ing bone turnover. Newer therapies with the aim of increasing bone formation are being studied. This document out¬lines all aspects of osteoporosis "especially in Iran "including risk factors, diagnosis, prevention and treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".