Ontogenetic development of the endangered Atlantic whitefish (<i>Coregonus huntsmani</i>Scott, 1987) eggs, embryos, larvae, and juveniles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atlantic whitefish ( Coregonus huntsmani Scott, 1987 ) are an endangered species endemic to Canada and are known only from Nova Scotia. Information concerning their early life-history stages — not previously described — is required to support several recovery actions under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). We describe the ontogenetic development of Atlantic whitefish eggs, larvae, and juveniles acquired through captive-mating of wild-caught adults, following criteria established for fishes in general and for other North American coregonine species where possible. We then conduct interspecific comparisons between Atlantic whitefish and the two most closely phylogenetically related species (i.e., lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis (Mitchill, 1818)) and cisco ( Coregonus artedii Lesueur, 1818)) to (i) identify ontogenetic differences that may facilitate field identification, (ii) determine whether differences at common ontogenetic milestones reinforce the recognition of Atlantic whitefish at the species level, and (iii) comment on whether these differences are consistent with the putative ancestral status of Atlantic whitefish. Interspecific differences were observed at all ontogenetic stages, several of which may serve as field identification criteria. Evidence for heterochrony during embryogenesis, as well as interspecific differences in egg size, myomere counts, and pigmentation patterns, substantiate the recognition of Atlantic whitefish as a valid species and support its putative ancestral status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".