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Record W2132153415 · doi:10.5539/eer.v3n1p85

Study of the Elemental Content of Some Natural and Synthetic Eye Cosmetics

2013· article· en· W2132153415 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEnergy and Environment Research · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicBiodiesel Production and Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsJatropha curcasChemistryEthanolBiodieselYield (engineering)HexaneSolventLipaseChromatographyNuclear chemistryOrganic chemistryEnzymeCatalysisMaterials scienceBotanyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This study investigated ethanolysis of both crude and pre-treated Jatropha oil using immobilized lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia. The methods employed were stepwise addition of ethanol and n-hexane as solvent. The ethanol was added three times in a stepwise way so as to prevent enzyme inhibition. The effects of reaction temperature and oil to ethanol ratio were studied. Maximum yields of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) of 66.7 wt%, 72.1 wt% and 58.8 wt% were obtained at oil to ethanol ratio of 1:4 for crude Jatropha curcas oil at reaction temperatures of 30, 40, and 50 oC respectively. Each run of the experiment took an overall reaction period of 48 h. These results showed the best optimized reaction temperature to be 40 oC. A maximum FAEE yield of 96.1 wt% was obtained when pre-treated Jatropha curcas oil was transesterified at the best optimized conditions. The loss noticed after 13 cycles in the activity of the enzyme was quite negligible. This proved it to be a stable one. The physical properties of the biodiesel obtained from the pre-treated Jatropha oil met the ASTM standard of D-6751.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.622
Threshold uncertainty score0.120

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it