Gestation‐specific <scp>D</scp>‐dimer reference ranges: a cross‐sectional study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To establish a gestation-specific reference range for D-dimer in healthy pregnant women with a singleton pregnancy using the Auto-Dimer assay. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study SETTING: Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland. POPULATION: Healthy pregnant women attending for routine antenatal care. METHODS: Simultaneous-quantile regression was performed to construct a median, 5th percentile, and 95th percentile, model of normal pregnancy D-dimer concentration versus gestational week, ranging from week 6 to 42. Additionally, pair-wise Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to compare distributions of D-dimer concentrations for each of the four discrete gestational sampling windows with the distribution of D-dimer concentrations 48 hours postpartum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: D-dimer concentrations (ng/ml) during normal gestation (approximately week 6 to week 42). RESULTS: Seven hundred and sixty healthy pregnant women were investigated between gestational age week 5 and 48 hours postpartum. There was a clear steady increase in median D-dimer concentrations over the complete gestational period. Additionally, the 95th centile estimates for all gestational time-points were above the accepted non-pregnancy normal cut-off concentration (224 ng/ml). The results of the Mann-Whitney U-tests suggested that the long-term postnatal return to normal D-dimer concentrations begins in the immediate postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS: We found that there is a continuous increase in D-dimer concentrations across all gestations. This research is potentially beneficial to future diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy using the new recommended 95th centile potential cut-offs. Possible further investigation involves an observational study comparing D-dimer concentrations in women with proven DVT with those that don't, generating likelihood ratios.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".