The frequency rate of cardioembolic etiology in North American and Iranian stroke patients: A pilot double-center study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Cardioembolism is among the most important causes of ischemic stroke around the world. A pilot double-center study evaluated the subtypes of cardioembolic mechanisms in stroke patients in two different racial subtypes. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted on 100 stroke patients in Mackenzie Hospital in Canada and 100 stroke patients who were age and sex matched in Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2007. All of the Canadian patients were of white North American race and all of the Iranian ones of white Persian race. The diagnosis of ischemic stroke was made by stroke neurologists. Assessment of the cardioembolic mechanisms was made based on the standard method. The frequency of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation was detected in the two studied groups. Results: 92 males and 108 females with ischemic stroke were studied. The influence of race on the frequency rate of ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation was not significant. However, rheumatic mitral valve disease was significantly more frequent among the Iranian group. The effect of race on the frequency rate of other cardioembolic mechanisms was not significant in each gender separately. However, atrial fibrillation was significantly more frequent in Canadian females. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the frequency rate of cardioembolic mechanisms between North American and Persian stroke patients except for rheumatic mitral valve disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".