Detection and distribution of cell growth regulators and cellulose microfibrils during the development of <i>Lopesia</i> sp. galls on <i>Lonchocarpus cultratus</i> (Fabaceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gall-inducing insects cause their plant hosts’ cells to redifferentiate, divide, and elongate, which are processes mediated by cell growth regulators. In this study, the histochemical detection of these regulators, and of cellulose microfibrils were performed in a gall induced by Lopesia sp. (Cecidomyiidae) on Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.M.G.Azevedo & H.C.Lima. The co-occurrence of reactive oxygen species, (poly)phenols, flavonoids, and indole-3-acetic acid are age-independent and are detected at the sites of cell hypertrophy. Nevertheless, the intensity of the reactions may vary from young to mature galls. First, changes in the axis of cell elongation are observed from the non-galled leaflets to the young galls, in the cortical parenchyma and in the nutritive tissue. During maturation, the elongation axis of the nutritive cells changes again. In young galls, sites of hyperplasia and hypertrophy co-occur, and in mature galls, the orientation of cellulose microfibrils determines the predominant anisotropic pattern of cell expansion. The detection of (poly)phenols and indole-3-acetic acid, reactive oxygen species, and flavonoids coincide with the sites of cell elongation and division. These results denote a chemical balance between the regulation of growth and the avoidance of cell death at gall sites. The rearrangement of cellulose microfibrils coordinates the anisotropic expansion, which determines the development of the tissue projections both to adaxial and abaxial leaflet lamina, typical to this gall morphotype.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".