Laboratory Results from Dielectric Spectroscopy of Field Aged XLPE Cables with Respect to Water Trees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper deals with the application of frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy for the detection of water trees in XLPE cables. During the research, dielectric spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on cable samples with and without water trees while it was attempted to preserve many of the uncertainties present in the field. The experiments support the applicability of a high voltage test developed primarily at KTH in Sweden, which utilizes the nonlinearity of the dissipation factor. Subsequently it was investigated whether this high voltage method also seems reliable at low voltages. It turned out that the fundamentals of the high voltage method were not directly applicable at low voltages as the nonlinearity of the permittivity is not noticeable at low voltages, at least compared to the deviations. Instead a novel method for interpreting the low frequency measurements is proposed though it needs further verification. Finally a theoretically possible modification of the measurement system is proposed, which deals with the problem of a limited current capability of the amplifier.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".