Synthesis and Performance of Sol-Gel Prepared Ni-YSZ Cermet SOFC Anodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sol-gel derived (SD) NiO-YSZ particles were formed from metallic nitrate and butoxide precursors, and after heat-treatment at 1000°C, the NiO and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) average particle sizes were found to be less than 50 and 30 nm, respectively, as measured using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In both cases, small particles were observed as larger agglomerates, up to 100 nm in size. The SD powders were suspended in ethanol and sprayed onto YSZ disks, roughened with a thin layer of pure SD YSZ to improve active layer adhesion. Electrochemical evaluation (low- and high-field cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy) was carried out in a half-cell configuration at 800°C in a 3% mixture. The exchange current density, obtained from all three methods, was found to agree only if a two-step hydrogen oxidation reaction was assumed, and the relatively low Tafel slope obtained suggests that the second electron-transfer step may be rate limiting. By comparison with ceramic grade (CG) Ni-YSZ, our results indicate an initial tenfold higher performance for the SD Ni-YSZ. However, a gradual loss of performance was observed for the SD electrodes that was not seen with the CG materials, possibly attributed to the thinness of the SD active layer. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".