High fructose intake fails to induce symptomatic adaptation but may induce intestinal carriers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fructose has several interactions in man, including intolerance and promotion of some diseases.However, fructose in fruits and in prebiotics may be associated with benefits.Adaptation to regular fructose ingestion as defined for lactose could support a beneficial rather than a deleterious effect.This study was undertaken to evaluate symptomatic response and potential underlying mechanisms of fecal bacterial change and breath hydrogen response to short term regular fructose supplementation.Forty-five participants were recruited for a 3 day recall diet questionnaire and a 50 g fructose challenge.Breath hydrogen was measured for 4.5 hrs and symptoms were recorded.Thirtyeight subjects provided stool samples for analysis by selective culture of 4 groups of bacteria, including bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.Intolerant subjects returned a second time 15 days later.Ten of these served as controls and 16 received 30 g fructose twice a day.Ten of the latter returned 27 days later, after stopping fructose for a third challenge test.Student's paired, unpaired t-tests and Pearson correlations were used.Significance was accepted at P<0.05.After fructose rechallenge there were no significant reductions in symptoms scores in volunteers in either the fructose supplemented or non supplemented groups.However, total breath hydrogen was reduced between test 1 and test 2 (P=0.03) or test 3 (P=0.04) in the group given fructose then discontinued, compared with controls.There were no statistically significant changes in bacterial numbers between test 2 and 1.This study shows that regular consumption of high dose fructose does not follow the lactose model of adaptation.Observed changes in hydrogen breath tests raise the possibility that intestinal carriers of fructose may be induced potentially aggravating medical problems attributed to fructose. Materials and MethodsHealthy men and women aged 18-50 years were recruited through advertising within the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".