Development of biodegradable coatings for covered horizontal bunker‐stored silage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The addition of different plasticizers, thickeners and hydrophobic compounds such as fatty acids in biodegradable coatings has been evaluated using pH values and dry matter content as criteria in silage during one month of storage at room temperature under laboratory conditions. A base coating solution was prepared with whey protein concentrate, calcium caseinate and carboxymethylcellulose. From the base coating solution, derivative coating solutions were developed to evaluate the effect of plasticizers by incorporating glycerol at different concentrations and different ratios of sorbitol and glycerol. Thickening agents were also evaluated by adding fine silage powder, coarse silage powder, hay powder, or cornstarch. Derivative coating solutions were studied to evaluate the effect of fat constituents. Canola oil, beef fat, shortening, bees wax or candellila wax were added to the base solution following various procedures. Results showed that the addition of glycerol (320 g kg−1) in the coating formulation resulted in a pH value of 5.21 after 31 days of storage without visible spoilage under the coating. The presence of plasticizer compounds avoids the appearance of cracking in the coating during the early stage of conservation. The pH of silage coated with formulations containing coarse or fine silage powder was preserved below 5 until day 17 as compared to the other formulations where the pH was preserved below 5 only for 10 days. The incorporation of beef fat in the coating formulation resulted in the lowest pH as compared to all the other fat compounds evaluated, showing a value of 4.61 at the end of storage. The addition of glycerol, coarse silage and beef fat in the same coating formulation recovered by a hydrophobic layer of zein stabilized the pH to 4.47 for 28 days of storage with a final dry matter content at 344.3 g kg−1 without visible spoilage under the coating during all of the storage at room temperature. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".