Effects of belowground herbivory on the survival and biomass of <i>Lolium perenne</i> and <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> plants at various growth stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the effects of a root-feeding beetle larva (Anomala cuprea Hope) on the survival and biomass of Lolium perenne L. and Plantago lanceolata L. plants at various ages. We hypothesized that belowground herbivory would kill more juveniles than mature plants because of greater root damage. We predicted that for juvenile plants, mortality would be higher for P. lanceolata than for L. perenne, because the thin taproot of P. lanceolata is less tolerant to herbivory. We hypothesized that for mature plants, herbivory of fibrous roots would negatively affect biomass; thus, L. perenne would be less tolerant than P. lanceolata. Plants of L. perenne or P. lanceolata at four ages were grown in pots with or without a herbivore. Herbivores killed juvenile plants, but not mature plants, of both species. More juveniles of P. lanceolata than L. perenne were killed by herbivory. In P. lanceolata, the low biomass of juveniles was attributed to herbivory, but herbivory did not affect the biomass of mature plants. In contrast, herbivory negatively affected the biomass of L. perenne plants of all ages. We concluded that the effects of belowground herbivory depend on plant age and, thus, on plant growth stage and root architecture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".