BEHAVIORAL CUES USED IN REUNIONS BETWEEN MOTHER AND PUP SOUTH AMERICAN FUR SEALS (ARCTOCEPHALUS AUSTRALIS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis) breeding in dense colonies at Punta San Juan, Peru, mothers are regularly separated from pups when they forage at sea throughout lactation and as a result of disturbances among females during on-beach nursing periods. Unattended pups risk injury or death from aggressive females and predatory sea lions, so the ability of mothers and pups to recognize and reunite is an essential component of breeding success. I investigated the relative importance of vocal, visual, olfactory, and spatial cues in the reunion process and examined how these behaviors are related to search context and success. Behavior of 10 tagged mother-pup pairs was recorded during 118 searches, 67% of which resulted in reunion. Mothers and pups appeared to recognize one another by vocal signatures over distance, and mothers used naso-nasal investigation before accepting or rejecting pups. Mothers supplemented their calling behavior with a variety of low-cost strategies such as frequenting a consistent “home spot” (76%), moving about the colony (49%), and investigating approaching pups (42%), but the best predictor of search success was pup response: after pups called and moved toward mothers, pairs were reunited 95% of the time regardless of mothers' behavior. Pups responded infrequently (18%) to the wrong female, suggesting that pups' acceptance criteria are conservative when risk of injury from unrelated females is high.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".