Contact resistance behavior of nanocrystalline copper and palladium films under fretting conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of fretting on the contact resistance behavior of nanocrystalline Cu and Pd films deposited on Cu, Ni, and Al plates in contact with Cu, Al and Sn-plated copper wire conductors was investigated. The tests were conducted with a simulated connector configuration using a differential thermal expansion fixture to produce a fretting motion of 30 /spl mu/m at a frequency of 0.005 Hz. In addition to the contact resistance measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (EDX) analyses were used to study the processes involved. The results show that in practically all cases, the nanocrystalline Cu and Pd films had a beneficial effect on the contact resistance behavior as manifested by relatively small fluctuations of the contact resistance with fretting time. However, when the films were worn out by the fretting action, a rapid increase in the contact resistance was observed. SEM and EDX analyses of the worn contact zones revealed that these were damaged by fretting action and in some cases transfer of material was observed. However, this damage was considerably less pronounced than that observed when the base metals were subjected to the same fretting conditions. It is believed that the beneficial effect of nanocrystalline films is due to the improved mechanical properties of these films.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".