Impact of long-term application of phosphate fertilizer on cadmium accumulation in crops.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field studies were conducted since 2002 at five locations across the Canadian prairies to study the long-term effects of P fertilizer application rate and Cd content on seed Cd concentration of durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.) and flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.). Cadmium concentration was higher in durum wheat than flax and varied with location. Cadmium concentration in the seed of both crops increased with application of P fertilizer even when the fertilizer contained only trace concentrations of Cd, indicating that P fertilization directly influenced Cd concentration of crops apart from the effect of Cd addition. Seed Cd concentration was higher when the fertilizer contained greater Cd concentrations, particularly when rate of fertilizer application was also high. Cadmium concentration in crops was directly proportional to the total amount of Cd applied over time, but the effect of fertilizer application varied with soil characteristics. Highest availability of Cd added in P fertilizer was on light-textured or acidic soil, while availability of applied Cd was lower on heavier-textured or higher pH soils. Therefore, soil characteristics that affect phytoavailability must be taken into account when assessing the risk of transfer of Cd into the food chain from P fertilization.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".