Emergence of plasmaronic structure in the near-field optical response of graphene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The finite momentum optical response $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathbit{q},\ensuremath{\omega})$ of graphene can be probed with the innovative technique of infrared nanoscopy where midinfrared radiation is confined by an atomic force microscope cantilever tip. In contrast to conventional $q\ensuremath{\sim}0$ optical absorption which primarily involves Dirac fermions with momentum near the Fermi momentum $k\ensuremath{\sim}{k}_{F}$, for finite $q$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathbit{q},\ensuremath{\omega})$ has the potential to provide information on many-body renormalizations and collective phenomena which have been found at small $k<{k}_{F}$ near the Dirac point in electron-doped graphene. For electron-electron interactions, the low-energy excitation spectrum characterizing the incoherent part of the quasiparticle spectral function of Dirac electrons with $k\ensuremath{\sim}{k}_{F}$ consists of a flat, small amplitude background which scales with chemical potential and Fermi momentum. However, probing of the states with $k$ near $k=0$ will reveal plasmarons, a collective state of a charge carrier and a plasmon. These collective modes in graphene have recently been seen in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and here we describe how they manifest in near-field optics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".