Emergence of plasmaronic structure in the near-field optical response of graphene
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The finite momentum optical response $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathbit{q},\ensuremath{\omega})$ of graphene can be probed with the innovative technique of infrared nanoscopy where midinfrared radiation is confined by an atomic force microscope cantilever tip. In contrast to conventional $q\ensuremath{\sim}0$ optical absorption which primarily involves Dirac fermions with momentum near the Fermi momentum $k\ensuremath{\sim}{k}_{F}$, for finite $q$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\mathbit{q},\ensuremath{\omega})$ has the potential to provide information on many-body renormalizations and collective phenomena which have been found at small $k<{k}_{F}$ near the Dirac point in electron-doped graphene. For electron-electron interactions, the low-energy excitation spectrum characterizing the incoherent part of the quasiparticle spectral function of Dirac electrons with $k\ensuremath{\sim}{k}_{F}$ consists of a flat, small amplitude background which scales with chemical potential and Fermi momentum. However, probing of the states with $k$ near $k=0$ will reveal plasmarons, a collective state of a charge carrier and a plasmon. These collective modes in graphene have recently been seen in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and here we describe how they manifest in near-field optics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".