Exogenous Natural Surfactant for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Compositional changes in surfactant and/or decreased surfactant content of the lungs are common features in patients with acute respiratory failure. Instillation of exogenous surfactant into the lungs of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome or pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has resulted in improved survival. OBJECTIVES: We conducted this trial to determine whether the instillation of exogenous surfactant would improve the Day 28 outcome of adult patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or ARDS. METHODS: A total of 418 patients with ALI and ARDS were included in an international, multicenter, stratified, randomized, controlled, open, parallel-group study. We randomly assigned 418 patients to receive usual care either with or without instillation of exogenous natural porcine surfactant HL 10 as large boluses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary endpoint was death rate before or on Day 28. Secondary endpoints were adverse event and death rate on day 180. The 28-day death rate in the usual care group was 24.5% compared with 28.8% in the HL 10 group. The estimated odds ratio for death at Day 28 in the usual care group versus the HL 10 group was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.48-1.18; P = 0.22). The most common adverse events related to HL 10 administration were temporary hypoxemia defined as oxygen saturation less than 88% (51.9% in HL 10 group vs. 25.2% in usual care) and hypotension defined as mean arterial blood pressure less than 60 mm Hg (34.1% in HL 10 group vs. 17.1% in usual care). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, instillation of a large bolus of exogenous natural porcine surfactant HL 10 into patients with acute lung injury and ARDS did not improve outcome and showed a trend toward increased mortality and adverse effects. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00742482).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".