Expression of TdT in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon tumor with indistinct clinical features. The differential diagnosis includes small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). We characterized the expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and a panel of immunohistochemical markers in 40 MCC, 30 SCLC, and 6 pulmonary carcinoid tumor (PCT) cases. We used antibodies against TdT, thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, cytokeratins (CKs) 7 and 20, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Immunostaining was recorded semiquantitatively. Of 40 MCC cases, 28 (70%) were positive for TdT, showing, on average, more than 25% of tumor cells reactive with moderate nuclear staining intensity. TTF-1 (1 [3%]), CK7 (2 [5%]), CK20 (35 [88%]), chromogranin (29 [73%]), and synaptophysin (39 [98%]) were expressed in the MCCs. Of the 5 CK20- MCC cases, 4 were positive for TdT. SCLC showed expression of TTF-1 (23/30 [77%]), CK7 (22/30 [73%]), chromogranin (16/30 [53%]), and synaptophysin (22 [73%]) and no CK20 (0%) expression. Of 30 SCLC cases, 2 (7%) were positive for TdT. TdT may be beneficial in rare cases of CK20- MCC and may assist in distinguishing between MCC and SCLC. There is significant immunohistochemical variability and overlap between these 2 tumors.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it