Within-tree variations in shoot differentiation patterns of 10 tall tree species in a Japanese cool-temperate forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relations of leafstem balance, stem thickness, leaf thickness, and leaf size to stem length of current-year shoots were compared between terminal and lateral shoots in saplings of 10 tall tree species in a Japanese cool-temperate forest. Six monopodial and four substitution sympodial branching species were studied. For both terminal and lateral shoots, the ratios of leaf area / stem length, leaf mass / stem mass, and leaf number / stem length were greater in shorter current-year shoots, implying shoot differentiation such that short current-year shoots specialize in leaf display and long current-year shoots in crown expansion. These ratios were generally greater for terminal shoots than for lateral shoots, especially in the lower range of stem length. This tendency was more conspicuous in the ratio leaf area / stem length than in leaf mass / stem mass and leaf number / stem length, because terminal shoots showed greater stem mass / stem length, leaf area / leaf mass, and leaf area / leaf number ratios than lateral shoots. These terminallateral variations were generally greater in the monopodial species than in sympodial species. These observations are discussed in relation to differences in ecological functions and hydraulic architecture between terminal and lateral shoots, and in relation to apical control and branching patterns (the monopodium and the sympodium).Key words: shoot functions, apical control, short shoots, terminal shoots, monopodial branching, substitution sympodial branching.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".