Molecular basis of species-specific expression of repolarizing K<sup>+</sup>currents in the heart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There are important species-specific differences in K+ current profiles and arrhythmia susceptibility, but interspecies comparisons of K+ channel subunit expression are lacking. We quantified voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) subunit mRNA and protein in rabbits, guinea pigs, and humans. Kv1.4, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3 mRNA was present in rabbits but undetectable in guinea pigs. MinK mRNA concentration in guinea pigs was almost threefold greater versus humans and 20-fold versus rabbits. MinK protein expression in guinea pigs was almost twofold that in humans and sixfold that in rabbits. KvLQT1 mRNA concentration was greatest in humans, and protein expression in humans was increased by approximately 2- and approximately 7-fold compared with values in rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. The ether-a-go-go-related gene (ERG1) mRNA was more concentrated in humans, but ERG1 protein expression could not be compared across species because of epitope sequence differences. We conclude that important interspecies differences in cardiac K+ channel subunit expression exist and may contribute to the following: 1) lack of a transient outward current in the guinea pig (alpha-subunit transcription absent in the guinea pig heart); 2) small slow delayed rectifier current and torsades de pointes susceptibility in the rabbit (low-level minK expression); and 3) large slow component of the delayed rectifier current in the guinea pig (strong minK expression).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".