L’échantillonnage et le problème de la validité externe de la recherche en éducation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Les liens existant entre la théorie de l’échantillonnage et la validité externe des recherches en sciences humaines, et plus particulièrement en éducation, sont exposés. Une étude sur la nature et la qualité de la généralisation des conclusions présentées dans des thèses de doctorat et des mémoires de maîtrise en psychologie et en sciences de l’éducation de deux universités québécoises sert à illustrer les problèmes d’échantillonnage rencontrés en pratique. L’ampleur et l’importance des lacunes mises en évidence servent de toile de fond à quelques suggestions de correctifs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.658 | 0.851 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.013 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.037 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.023 | 0.024 |
| Open science | 0.008 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".