THE WORLD-CLASS Sn, Nb, Ta, F (Y, REE, Li) DEPOSIT AND THE MASSIVE CRYOLITE ASSOCIATED WITH THE ALBITE-ENRICHED FACIES OF THE MADEIRA A-TYPE GRANITE, PITINGA MINING DISTRICT, AMAZONAS STATE, BRAZIL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Madeira deposit, in the Pitinga mining district, Amazonas State, Brazil, is associated with the A-type Madeira granite (~1820 Ma), which is hosted by A-type volcanic rocks (Iricoume Group, ~1880 Ma) formed in a caldera complex. The deposit is characterized by an association of Sn with cryolite, Nb, Ta (Y, REE, Li, Zr, U, and Th) in the same albite-enriched granite that hosts a massive cryolite deposit. At the magmatic stage, the high F content in the melt was buffered by crystallization of cryolite. Tin (cassiterite) and Nb (uranoan plumbopyrochlore) were homogeneously dispersed throughout the deposit, transported by F-bearing complexes in the melt. Zircon crystallization, inhibited at the early magmatic stage by high-F activity, intensified at the late magmatic stage owing to a decrease in alkalinity associated to riebeckite crystallization, forming concentrations, together with xenotime and polythionite, in pegmatitic zones. Yttrium and REE mineralization in the lower portion of the deposit is represented by gagarinite-(Y), with fluocerite-(Ce) inclusions formed by exsolution of the early gagarinite. There is no evidence for silicate–fluoride liquid immiscibility, nor for a continuous transition from volatile-rich silicate melt to solute-rich fluids. The abrupt magmatic–hydrothermal transition triggered three processes: (1) albitization accompanied by the crystallization of hydrothermal cryolite in the rock matrix, (2) conversion of pyrochlore to a columbite-group mineral, characterized by gradual loss of Pb and enrichment in U and Nb, and (3) formation of the massive cryolite deposit, made up of crystals of twinned cryolite (87%) plus quartz, feldspar, and zircon from an aqueous saline (1.7 to 22.4 wt% equiv. NaCl) hydrothermal fluid, starting at a minimum temperature of 400°C and continuing down-temperature. The evolution of parameters (REEtotal, La/Lu, LREE/HREE, Y) in cryolite is continuous from the magmatic stage until the low-temperature hydrothermal stage. The models of mineralization invoked for Ivigtut, in Greenland, are not considered applicable. The evolution of the A-type magmatism at Pitinga is briefly discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".