Ionospheric convection in the postnoon auroral oval: Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and polar ultraviolet imager (UVI) observations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations, ultraviolet imaging from the Polar satellite (ultraviolet imager [UVI]), and particle precipitation data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites have been used to investigate the electrodynamics of the postnoon auroral oval in the Northern hemisphere. We show that: (1) For negative interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By, the convection reversal (CR) was colocated with the maximum of auroral luminosity, but during positive IMF By, the convection reversal was poleward of the auroral oval up to several degrees in latitude. (2) Postnoon auroral oval was associated with a large‐scale upward field‐aligned current (FAC) of the order of 6 × 10−7 A m−2 in magnitude (the FAC was inferred from the SuperDARN and UVI data). For negative IMF By, the maximum of the auroral intensity coincides in latitude with the maximum of the upward FAC. However, for positive IMF By, the maximum of the upward FAC was shifted to the poleward edge of the auroral oval. (3) In response to the IMF By turning from positive to negative, the maximum of the auroral luminosity did not change its position noticeably, but the position of the CR changed considerably from 80°–81° to about 76° magnetic latitude (MLAT), and the maximum of FAC moved from 77°–78° to about 76° MLAT. Thus, after the IMF By turns negative, both the FAC maximum and CR tend to coincide with the auroral maximum. (4) The IMF Bz positive deflection was followed by a decrease in both FAC intensity and auroral luminosity. However, the decrease in the auroral luminosity lags behind the FAC decrease by about 12 min. Firstly, these observations allow us to suggest that the IMF By‐related electric field can penetrate into the closed magnetosphere and produce convection and FAC changes in the region of the postnoon auroral oval. Secondly, we suggest that the interchange instability is a promising mechanism for the postnoon auroras.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".