Urban food dynamics in Botswana: insights from Gaborone's Central Business District
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Urbanization is changing the circumstances, livelihoods and lifestyles of people in Southern Africa. In this context, little is known about food available to cities, food sources accessible to urban dwellers, or factors influencing food consumption. Applying a food systems conceptual frame, the article provides empirical findings from Gaborone, Botswana characterizing urban food supply, documenting food sources, and examining consumer food choice. Engaging a qualitative, exploratory approach, the research reveals adequate supply and multifaceted sources from which to acquire food in Gaborone's Central Business District (CBD), and consumer choices grounded in economic factors together with issues of social status and aesthetics. A number of fundamental issues and questions arise from this preliminary research relating to food policies and research agendas in the region. In particular greater attention to urbanization trends, foreign import strategies and food consumption practices is warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".