Cytoplasmic redistribution and cleavage of AUF1 during coxsackievirus infection enhance the stability of its viral genome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a causative agent of viral myocarditis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and meningitis in humans. The adenosine‐uridine (AU)‐rich element RNA binding factor 1 (AUF1) is an integral component in the regulation of gene expression. AUF1 destabilizes mRNAs and targets them for degradation by binding to AU‐rich elements in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs. The 3′‐UTR of the CVB3 genome contains canonical AU‐rich sequences, raising the possibility that CVB3 RNA may also be subjected to AUF1‐mediated degradation. Here, we reported that CVB3 infection led to cytoplasmic redistribution and cleavage of AUF1. These events are independent of CVB3‐induced caspase activation but require viral protein production. Overexpression of viral protease 2A reproduced CVB3‐induced cytoplasmic redistribution of AUF1, while in vitro cleavage assay revealed that viral protease 3C contributed to AUF1 cleavage. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of AUF1 facilitated viral RNA, protein, and progeny production, suggesting an antiviral property for AUF1 against CVB3 infection. Finally, an immunoprecipitation study demonstrated the physical interaction between AUF1 and the 3′‐UTR of CVB3, potentially targeting CVB3 genome toward degradation. Together, our results suggest that cleavage of AUF1 may be a strategy employed by CVB3 to enhance the stability of its viral genome.—Wong, J., Si, X., Angeles, A., Zhang, J., Shi, J., Fung, G., Jagdeo, J., Wang, T., Zhong, Z., Jan, E., Luo, H. Cytoplasmic redistribution and cleavage of AUF1 during coxsackievirus infection enhance the stability of its viral genome. FASEB J. 27, 2777‐2787 (2013). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".