Primary Dendritic Cells Phagocytose<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>via Mannose Receptors and Fcγ Receptor II for Presentation to T Lymphocytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Different "professional" antigen-presenting cells (APC) have unique characteristics that favor or restrict presentation of microbial antigens to T cells, depending on the organism. Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that presents unique challenges to APC, including its large size, its rigid cell wall, and its ability to stimulate T cells as a mitogen. T-cell proliferation in response to the C. neoformans mitogen (CnM) requires phagocytosis and processing of the organisms by accessory cells prior to presentation of CnM to T cells. Because of the requirement for uptake of the organism and more limited costimulatory requirements of mitogens, macrophages might be the most likely cellular source for the accessory cell. However, the present study demonstrates that a transiently adherent cell that was CD3(-), CD14(-), CD19(-), CD56(-), HLA-DR(+), and CD83(+) with a dendritic morphology, rather than monocyte-derived or tissue (alveolar) macrophages, was the most efficient APC for presentation of CnM. A large number of these cells bound and internalized the organism, and only a small number of dendritic cells were required for presentation of the mitogen to T cells. Further, the mannose receptor and Fcgamma receptor II were required for presentation of C. neoformans, as blocking either of these receptors abrogated both uptake of C. neoformans and lymphocyte proliferation in response to CnM. These studies demonstrate the surprising fact that dendritic cells are the most efficient accessory cells for CnM.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".