Serum IgA1 from IgA nephropathy patients induces apoptosis in podocytes through direct and indirect pathways
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate apoptosis of podocytes induced by IgA1 isolated from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients through direct and indirect pathways. METHODS: Jacalin affinity chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 molecular sieve chromatography were used to isolate IgA1 from blood of IgAN patients made as aggregated IgA1 (aIgA1). Podocytes were incubated with aIgA1 or special treated medium from mesangial cells after co-incubation with aIgA1 from IgAN patients. Apoptosis of podocytes was assessed by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and Fas-L. RESULTS: AIgA1 from IgAN patients induced more apoptosis of podocytes by both time and concentration-dependent patterns than control (30.5+/-5.4% vs 20.5+/-4.5, respectively, P < 0.05). The percentage of apoptotic podocytes exposed to treated medium was higher than control (28.5+/-5.9 % vs 20.5+/-4.5%, respectively, P < 0.05). The level of normalized Fas mRNA expression in podocytes exposed to aIgA1 was 2.4-fold higher than control (P < 0.05), while the level in podocytes exposed with treated medium was 1.89-fold higher than control (P < 0.05), and the level of normalized Bcl-2 mRNA expression in this group was 72% lower than control (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: IgA1 from IgAN patients may induce apoptosis of podocytes through direct and indirect pathways. IgA1 may accelerate progression of IgAN by inducing apoptosis of podocytes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".