Photoelectric Monolayers Based on Self-Assembled and Oriented Purple Membrane Patches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fabrication of dry ultrathin photoelectric layers is described in this paper. The self-assembled monolayer of oriented purple membrane (PM) patches from bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is created on a bio-functionalized gold (Au) surface using a biotin molecular recognition technique. The biotin enables the extracellular side of the bR PMs to be accurately labeled. During the biochemical immobilization process, the biotinylated alkylthiols modify the Au surface using HS terminals of the thiols and affix the labeled bR to the functionalized surface using streptavidin-biotin interactions. An optically transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode is then placed on top of the finished assembly to complete the circuit of the photocell for testing and performance verification. An experimental study shows that the proposed self-assembly method can produce a 12.33 nm thick photoelectric layer that generates nearly 0.54 mV/(mW ·cm2) when exposed to a 568-nm laser beam. In contrast, other immobilization techniques such as electric field sedimentation produce dry bR films that are more than 10 μm thick. These ultrathin photoelectric layers can be used to create nanoscale light sensors and photocells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".