PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN HIGH RISK SITUATIONS IN PREGNANCY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality in the western developed world. VTE may present as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) but if untreated can result in fatal PE. Although fatal PE is clearly the most significant consequence of VTE in pregnancy, DVT also often leads to morbidity related to the development of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Pregnancy is an independent risk factor for VTE and the risk of VTE is 4–10 fold higher in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women of similar age. The puerperium represents a time of even higher risk. It is clear that many additional high-risk situations in pregnancy lower the threshold for thrombosis and warrant measures to prevent VTE and its complications. Risk factors for pregnancy-related VTE may be inherited or acquired. Acquired risk factors may be specifically related to the pregnancy or may have developed prior to pregnancy. Well-documented risk factors for pregnancy-related VTE include delivery by Caesarean section, previous VTE, and inherited or acquired thrombophilia. Other risk factors that have been identified include obesity, multiparity, multiple gestation, pre-eclampsia and medical conditions, such as sickle cell disease, that predispose to VTE. Our ability to diagnose VTE overall is poor as presenting signs and symptoms are extremely varied and unreliable. This is further complicated in pregnancy where signs and symptoms suggestive of VTE are common and invasive testing is more complicated. It is essential that physicians be vigilant in monitoring patients for the development of VTE and maintain a low threshold for considering thromboprophylaxis. Guidelines have recently been published by several medical societies to help with these difficult decisions. In this review the risk factors for the development of VTE in pregnancy will be discussed and guidelines for risk assessment presented. Management of patients who develop VTE in pregnancy is also outlined.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".