Diagnosis of Tetralogy of <scp>F</scp>allot and Its Variants in the Late First and Early Second Trimester: Details of Initial Assessment and Comparison with Later Fetal Diagnosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the completeness of echocardiographic diagnosis of fetal tetralogy of Fallot (fTOF) at 12-17 weeks gestation, and compare assessment and clinical outcomes to diagnoses made at >17 weeks gestation. METHODS: We identified all fTOF diagnoses made in our experience from 2003 to 2008. Referral indication, anatomic detail by echocardiography and pregnancy outcomes were compared between fetuses diagnosed at ≤ 17 weeks (Group I) and >17 weeks gestation (Group II). A 10-point scoring tool was applied retrospectively to the echocardiograms at initial diagnosis (1 point each was ascribed to visualization of right ventricular outflow obstruction, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries including dimensions, pulmonary arterial flow, systemic and pulmonary venous anatomy, atrioventricular valves, ductus arteriosus, ductus flow, aortic arch morphology, sidedness and flow). RESULTS: There were 10 pregnancies in Group I (12-17 weeks) and 25 in Group II (mean gestation at diagnosis 23.5 ± 5.7). The most common reason for referral was extracardiac pathology in Group I (80%) and suspected fetal heart disease on obstetric ultrasound in Group II (64%). Transabdominal imaging was adequate in about half of Group I studies. Mean anatomic diagnosis score in Group I was 6.1(range 2.5-9) and Group II was 8.4 (range 6.5-10). Elective pregnancy termination occurred in 80% in Group I and 33% in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: fTOF can be diagnosed in first and early second trimesters with detailed anatomic assessment possible in most. Referral indication and pregnancy outcome differ considerably between early and later prenatal diagnosis of fTOF.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".