Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate: Long-Term Durability of Clinical Outcomes and Complication Rates During 10 Years of Followup
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: We assessed the long-term durability of subjective and objective outcomes and complication rates after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 949 evaluable patients treated with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate between March 1998 and September 2010 at a single center. Study variables included International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate, post-void residual urine volume and prostate specific antigen. RESULTS: Mean followup was 62 months. Mean preoperative post-void residual volume, maximal flow rate, International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life were 311 ml, 7.9 ml per second, 19 and 3.8, respectively. Postoperatively all variables showed significant improvement starting at month 1 of followup and remained improved for the entire followup period. Patients with acute urinary retention represented 36% (343) of the cohort. Postoperative mean post-void residual volume was 45, 25.7 and 52 ml, mean maximal flow rate was 21.5, 24.3 and 23.4 ml per second, mean International Prostate Symptom Score was 7.3, 4.4 and 3.8, and mean quality of life was 1.7, 1 and 0.7 at 1 month, 1 year and 10 years, respectively. Persistent urge and stress incontinence were found in 1% and 0.5% of patients, respectively. Bladder neck contracture, urethral stricture and reoperation due to residual adenoma developed in 0.8%, 1.6% and 0.7% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate represents an effective treatment modality for men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia with a low rate of complications during a long followup. Patients who experience improvement from baseline to early followup maintain improvement at later followup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".