Different patterns of stage-specific horizontal distribution between two sympatric oligohaline copepods along a macrotidal estuary (Chikugo River, Japan): implications for life-history strategies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stage-specific horizontal distribution was compared between two sympatric oligohaline copepods to elucidate their life-history strategies related to reproduction: free-spawning Sinocalanus sinensis and egg-carrying Pseudodiaptomus inopinus. Copepods were sampled by vertical hauls of a 100-μm mesh plankton net along the macrotidal Chikugo River estuary in southwestern Japan from 2005 to 2006. Sinocalanus sinensis dominated throughout the year except for the warm season, when P. inopinus outnumbered S. sinensis. The spatiotemporal correspondence of peak densities with the estuarine turbidity maximum was evident for S. sinensis but ambiguous for P. inopinus. Nauplii of S. sinensis were always distributed on average downstream from copepodids and adults, whereas P. inopinus usually showed the opposite pattern of stage-specific horizontal distribution. During large freshwater discharges, S. sinensis was more subject to washout from the estuary. In addition, the potential vulnerability of S. sinensis to droughts was suggested by low tolerance for high salinities. Consequently, egg-carrying P. inopinus has higher flexibility to live under varying estuarine conditions especially during the warm season. In contrast, ecological specializations, such as tidal vertical migration and detritivorous feeding, are considered to underlie the dominance of the free-spawning S. sinensis under the conditions prevailing in the macrotidal environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".